Delaware | 1-11353 | 13-3757370 | ||
(State or other jurisdiction of Incorporation) | (Commission File Number) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
358 South Main Street, | ||||
Burlington, North Carolina | 27215 | 336-229-1127 | ||
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) | (Registrant’s telephone number including area code) |
[ ] | Written communication pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425) |
[ ] | Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12) |
[ ] | Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) |
[ ] | Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) |
Item 2.02 | Results of Operations and Financial Condition |
99.1 | Press Release dated October 26, 2016 |
By: | /s/ F. SAMUEL EBERTS III | |
F. Samuel Eberts III | ||
Chief Legal Officer and Secretary |
• | Q3 Net revenue of $2.4 billion, up 5% over last year |
• | Q3 Diluted EPS of $1.71, up 14% over last year |
• | Q3 Adjusted EPS of $2.25, up 9% over last year |
• | 2016 Adjusted EPS guidance updated to $8.70 - $8.90, up 10% to 13% over 2015 Adjusted EPS |
• | Net revenue growth of 10.0% to 11.0% over 2015 net revenue of $8.51 billion, which includes the impact from approximately 60 basis points of negative currency. This is an increase from prior guidance of 9.5% to 10.5%, primarily due to the acquisition of Sequenom. |
• | Net revenue growth in LabCorp Diagnostics of 5.0% to 6.0% over 2015 pro forma revenue of $6.21 billion, which includes the impact from approximately 30 basis points of negative currency. This is an increase from prior guidance of 4.5% to 5.5%, primarily due to the acquisition of Sequenom. |
• | Net revenue growth in Covance Drug Development of 7.5% to 9.0% over 2015 pro forma revenue of $2.63 billion, which includes the impact from approximately 110 basis points of negative currency. This is an update from prior guidance of 7.0% to 9.0%. Excluding the impact from currency and the expiration of the Sanofi site support agreement, net revenue is expected to increase 11.2% to 12.7%. |
• | Adjusted EPS of $8.70 to $8.90, versus prior guidance of $8.60 to $8.95, and as compared to $7.91 last year. |
• | Free cash flow (operating cash flow less capital expenditures) of $840 million to $880 million, an increase of approximately 17% to 24% over the prior year. This is an update from prior guidance of $900 million to $950 million. |
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS | ||||||||
Consolidated Statements of Operations | ||||||||
(in millions, except per share data) |
For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2016 | 2015 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||||
Net revenue | $ | 2,372.7 | $ | 2,269.9 | $ | 7,049.9 | $ | 6,260.9 | |||||||
Reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses | 42.0 | 47.4 | 163.5 | 118.7 | |||||||||||
Total revenues | 2,414.7 | 2,317.3 | 7,213.4 | 6,379.6 | |||||||||||
Net cost of revenue | 1,584.3 | 1,505.0 | 4,657.4 | 4,098.2 | |||||||||||
Reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses | 42.0 | 47.4 | 163.5 | 118.7 | |||||||||||
Total cost of revenues | 1,626.3 | 1,552.4 | 4,820.9 | 4,216.9 | |||||||||||
Gross profit | 788.4 | 764.9 | 2,392.5 | 2,162.7 | |||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 400.5 | 385.6 | 1,224.2 | 1,221.9 | |||||||||||
Amortization of intangibles and other assets | 41.1 | 44.9 | 130.7 | 120.6 | |||||||||||
Restructuring and other special charges | 22.8 | 26.3 | 48.6 | 59.9 | |||||||||||
Operating income | 324.0 | 308.1 | 989.0 | 760.3 | |||||||||||
Other income (expense): | |||||||||||||||
Interest expense | (58.2 | ) | (55.9 | ) | (166.2 | ) | (218.1 | ) | |||||||
Equity method income, net | 2.6 | 2.0 | 5.9 | 7.6 | |||||||||||
Investment income | 0.6 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 1.4 | |||||||||||
Other, net | (5.6 | ) | (3.2 | ) | (1.3 | ) | (4.4 | ) | |||||||
Earnings before income taxes | 263.4 | 251.5 | 828.9 | 546.8 | |||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | 83.6 | 96.5 | 280.3 | 218.3 | |||||||||||
Net earnings | 179.8 | 155.0 | 548.6 | 328.5 | |||||||||||
Less: net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interest | (0.3 | ) | (0.3 | ) | (0.9 | ) | (0.9 | ) | |||||||
Net earnings attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings | $ | 179.5 | $ | 154.7 | $ | 547.7 | $ | 327.6 | |||||||
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 1.74 | $ | 1.53 | $ | 5.60 | $ | 3.35 | |||||||
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 1.71 | $ | 1.50 | $ | 5.25 | $ | 3.29 | |||||||
Weighted average basic shares outstanding | 102.9 | 101.1 | 102.3 | 97.9 | |||||||||||
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding | 104.9 | 102.9 | 104.2 | 99.7 | |||||||||||
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS | ||
Consolidated Balance Sheets | ||
(in millions, except per share data) |
September 30, | December 31, | ||||||
2015 | 2015 | ||||||
ASSETS: | |||||||
Current assets: | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 567.6 | $ | 716.4 | |||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $250.8 and $217.0 at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively | 1,346.6 | 1,217.9 | |||||
Unbilled services | 216.3 | 156.6 | |||||
Supplies inventory | 198.8 | 191.0 | |||||
Prepaid expenses and other | 325.6 | 339.3 | |||||
Total current assets | 2,654.9 | 2,621.2 | |||||
Property, plant and equipment, net | 1,730.6 | 1,747.4 | |||||
Goodwill | 6,389.0 | 6,166.3 | |||||
Intangible assets, net | 3,457.2 | 3,332.4 | |||||
Joint venture partnerships and equity method investments | 60.4 | 58.2 | |||||
Deferred income taxe assets | 1.9 | 2.3 | |||||
Other assets, net | 189.0 | 150.0 | |||||
Total assets | $ | 14,483.0 | $ | 14,077.8 | |||
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | |||||||
Current liabilities: | |||||||
Accounts payable | $ | 454.8 | $ | 497.4 | |||
Accrued expenses and other | 589.7 | 633.1 | |||||
Unearned revenue | 169.5 | 146.1 | |||||
Current portion of long-term debt | 698.2 | 423.9 | |||||
Total current liabilities | 1,912.2 | 1,700.5 | |||||
Long-term debt, less current portion | 5,473.2 | 5,940.3 | |||||
Deferred income taxes and other tax liabilities | 1,227.9 | 1,235.0 | |||||
Other liabilities | 330.7 | 323.1 | |||||
Total liabilities | 8,944.0 | 9,198.9 | |||||
Commitments and contingent liabilities | — | — | |||||
Noncontrolling interest | 15.6 | 14.9 | |||||
Shareholders' equity: | |||||||
Common stock | 12.1 | 12.0 | |||||
Additional paid-in capital | 2,130.3 | 1,974.5 | |||||
Retained earnings | 4,770.7 | 4,223.0 | |||||
Less common stock held in treasury | (1,011.7 | ) | (978.1 | ) | |||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (378.0 | ) | (367.4 | ) | |||
Total shareholders' equity | 5,523.4 | 4,864.0 | |||||
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity | $ | 14,483.0 | $ | 14,077.8 |
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS | ||
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows | ||
(in millions, except per share data) |
For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2016 | 2015 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | |||||||||||||||
Net earnings | $ | 179.8 | $ | 154.9 | $ | 548.6 | $ | 328.5 | |||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 121.1 | 119.0 | 368.9 | 338.9 | |||||||||||
Stock compensation | 24.3 | 23.7 | 81.9 | 77.7 | |||||||||||
Gain (loss) on sale of assets | 5.6 | 3.0 | (2.3 | ) | 2.9 | ||||||||||
Accrued interest on zero-coupon subordinated notes | 0.4 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 1.5 | |||||||||||
Cumulative earnings less than (in excess of) distributions from equity method investments | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.4 | (1.8 | ) | ||||||||||
Asset impairment | — | — | — | 14.8 | |||||||||||
Deferred income taxes | (38.1 | ) | (11.1 | ) | 5.2 | (16.0 | ) | ||||||||
Change in assets and liabilities (net of effects of acquisitions): | |||||||||||||||
(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable (net) | (9.6 | ) | (36.1 | ) | (109.2 | ) | (89.9 | ) | |||||||
(Increase) decrease in unbilled services | (9.3 | ) | 1.7 | (59.7 | ) | (23.0 | ) | ||||||||
(Increase) decrease in inventories | (5.4 | ) | 0.1 | (4.8 | ) | 9.6 | |||||||||
(Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other | (22.9 | ) | 8.6 | (19.5 | ) | 23.5 | |||||||||
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable | (2.0 | ) | 9.5 | (56.3 | ) | (24.3 | ) | ||||||||
(Decrease) increase in deferred revenue | (9.3 | ) | (0.9 | ) | 23.4 | 1.7 | |||||||||
(Decrease) increase in accrued expenses and other | 15.0 | 14.3 | (50.9 | ) | (46.3 | ) | |||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 249.9 | 288.0 | 727.0 | 597.8 | |||||||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | |||||||||||||||
Capital expenditures | (66.2 | ) | (67.8 | ) | (204.6 | ) | (170.7 | ) | |||||||
Proceeds from sale of assets | 2.6 | — | 23.9 | 0.5 | |||||||||||
Proceeds from sale of investment | 0.8 | — | 13.5 | 8.0 | |||||||||||
Investments in equity affiliates | (2.2 | ) | (6.6 | ) | (12.1 | ) | (11.4 | ) | |||||||
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired | (252.7 | ) | (8.3 | ) | (396.8 | ) | (3,692.7 | ) | |||||||
Net cash used for investing activities | (317.7 | ) | (82.7 | ) | (576.1 | ) | (3,866.3 | ) | |||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | |||||||||||||||
Proceeds from senior notes offerings | — | — | — | 2,900.0 | |||||||||||
Proceeds from term loan | — | — | — | 1,000.0 | |||||||||||
Payments on term loan | — | (125.0 | ) | — | (285.0 | ) | |||||||||
Proceeds from revolving credit facilities | — | — | — | 60.0 | |||||||||||
Payments from revolving credit facilities | — | — | — | (60.0 | ) | ||||||||||
Proceeds from bridge loan | — | — | — | 400.0 | |||||||||||
Payments on bridge loan | — | — | — | (400.0 | ) | ||||||||||
Payment on senior notes | — | — | (325.0 | ) | (250.0 | ) | |||||||||
Payments on zero-coupon subordinated notes | (17.8 | ) | — | (31.5 | ) | — | |||||||||
Payment of debt issuaunce costs | — | — | — | (36.7 | ) | ||||||||||
Payments on long-term lease obligations | (2.9 | ) | (1.1 | ) | (5.9 | ) | (3.3 | ) | |||||||
Noncontrolling interest distributions | (0.1 | ) | — | (1.7 | ) | — | |||||||||
Deferred payments on acquisitions | 0.9 | — | (4.9 | ) | (0.1 | ) | |||||||||
Excess tax benefits from stock based compensation | — | 6.2 | — | 10.1 | |||||||||||
Net proceeds from issuance of stock to employees | 26.6 | 33.2 | 67.3 | 89.2 | |||||||||||
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities | 6.7 | (86.7 | ) | (301.7 | ) | 3,424.2 | |||||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (10.9 | ) | (24.6 | ) | 2.0 | (22.7 | ) | ||||||||
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (72.0 | ) | 94.0 | (148.8 | ) | 133.0 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 639.6 | 619.0 | 716.4 | 580.0 | |||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 567.6 | $ | 713.0 | $ | 567.6 | $ | 713.0 |
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS | ||
Condensed Combined Non-GAAP Pro Forma Segment Information | ||
(in millions) |
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Month Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2016 | 2015 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||||
LabCorp Diagnostics | |||||||||||||||
Net Revenue | $ | 1,671.8 | $ | 1,600.9 | $ | 4,922.1 | $ | 4,659.2 | |||||||
Adjusted Operating Income | $ | 341.8 | $ | 318.5 | $ | 1,005.1 | $ | 942.0 | |||||||
Adjusted Operating Margin | 20.4 | % | 19.9 | % | 20.4 | % | 20.2 | % | |||||||
Covance Drug Development | |||||||||||||||
Net Revenue | $ | 701.1 | $ | 669.0 | $ | 2,126.6 | $ | 1,937.3 | |||||||
Adjusted Operating Income | $ | 95.5 | $ | 96.9 | $ | 306.2 | $ | 260.9 | |||||||
Adjusted Operating Margin | 13.6 | % | 14.5 | % | 14.4 | % | 13.5 | % | |||||||
Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
Net Revenue | $ | 2,372.7 | $ | 2,269.9 | $ | 7,048.2 | $ | 6,596.5 | |||||||
Adjusted Segment Operating Income | $ | 437.3 | $ | 415.4 | $ | 1,311.3 | $ | 1,202.9 | |||||||
Unallocated corporate expense | (33.3 | ) | (31.2 | ) | (108.9 | ) | (98.5 | ) | |||||||
Consolidated Adjusted Operating Income | $ | 404.0 | $ | 384.2 | $ | 1,202.4 | $ | 1,104.4 | |||||||
Adjusted Operating Margin | 17.0 | % | 16.9 | % | 17.1 | % | 16.7 | % |
1) | The Condensed Combined Non-GAAP Pro Forma Segment Information for the periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 is presented for the sole purpose of helping the reader understand the segment presentation of the Company for the periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 as a direct result of its acquisition of Covance on February 19, 2015. The Condensed Pro Forma Segment Information has been prepared utilizing historical Covance financial information for the period January 1, 2015 to February 19, 2015, and does not reflect what the Company’s actual results of operations were for the periods ended September 30, 2015, nor does it reflect all of the accounting entries that would normally be presented in pro forma financial statements prepared in accordance with the guidance contained in ASC 805-10-50 or Regulation S-X Rule 10-1. |
2) | The LabCorp Diagnostics segment includes historical LabCorp business units, excluding its clinical trials operations (which are part of the Covance Drug Development segment), and including the nutritional chemistry and food safety operations acquired as part of the Covance acquisition. The Covance Drug Development segment includes historical Covance business units, excluding its nutritional chemistry and food safety operations (which are part of the LabCorp Diagnostics segment), and including the LabCorp clinical trials operations. Unallocated corporate expenses represent general management and administrative expenses that are incurred to support enterprise-wide initiatives. The cost of all other corporate support functions is charged to the specific operating segment as consumed. |
3) | The following table reconciles the Company’s operating income that is expected to be reported in its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, to total adjusted operating income as presented below: |
(Dollars in Millions) | Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||
2016 | 2015 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||||
Operating loss of Covance Inc. for the period January 1, 2015 through February 19, 2015, prepared on its historical basis of accounting | — | — | — | (24.2 | ) | ||||||||||
Add-back restructuring costs | — | — | — | 0.9 | |||||||||||
Acquisition-related costs | — | — | — | 53.7 | |||||||||||
Covance Inc. - pre-acquisition adjusted operating income, excluding amortization | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 30.4 | |||||||
LabCorp - operating income, as reported | $ | 324.0 | $ | 308.1 | $ | 989.0 | $ | 760.3 | |||||||
Acquisition-related costs | 7.7 | 1.4 | 15.1 | 118.0 | |||||||||||
Restructuring and other special charges | 22.8 | 26.3 | 48.6 | 59.9 | |||||||||||
Consulting fees and executive transition expenses | 3.4 | 3.5 | 7.9 | 15.2 | |||||||||||
Wind-down of minimum volume contract operations | 1.3 | — | 4.0 | — | |||||||||||
LaunchPad system implementation costs | 3.7 | — | 7.1 | — | |||||||||||
Amortization of intangibles and other assets | 41.1 | 44.9 | 130.7 | 120.6 | |||||||||||
LabCorp - adjusted operating income | $ | 404.0 | $ | 384.2 | $ | 1,202.4 | $ | 1,074.0 | |||||||
Total Consolidated Combined Non-GAAP Pro Forma Adjusted Operating Income, excluding amortization | $ | 404.0 | $ | 384.2 | $ | 1,202.4 | $ | 1,104.4 |
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS | ||
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures | ||
(in millions, except per share data) |
For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2016 | 2015 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||||
Adjusted Operating Income | |||||||||||||||
Operating Income | $ | 324.0 | $ | 308.1 | $ | 989.0 | $ | 760.3 | |||||||
Acquisition-related costs | 7.7 | 1.4 | 15.1 | 118.0 | |||||||||||
Restructuring and other special charges | 22.8 | 26.3 | 48.6 | 59.9 | |||||||||||
Consulting fees and executive transition expenses | 3.4 | 3.5 | 7.9 | 15.2 | |||||||||||
Wind-down of minimum volume contract operations | 1.3 | — | 4.0 | — | |||||||||||
LaunchPad system implementation costs | 3.7 | — | 7.1 | — | |||||||||||
Amortization of intangibles and other assets | 41.1 | 44.9 | 130.7 | 120.6 | |||||||||||
Adjusted operating income | $ | 404.0 | $ | 384.2 | $ | 1,202.4 | $ | 1,074.0 | |||||||
Adjusted EPS | |||||||||||||||
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 1.71 | $ | 1.50 | $ | 5.25 | $ | 3.29 | |||||||
Restructuring and special items | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.56 | 1.83 | |||||||||||
Amortization expense | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.86 | 0.82 | |||||||||||
Adjusted EPS | $ | 2.25 | $ | 2.07 | $ | 6.67 | $ | 5.94 | |||||||
Free Cash Flow | |||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 249.9 | $ | 288.0 | $ | 727.0 | $ | 597.8 | |||||||
Less: Capital expenditures | (66.2 | ) | (67.8 | ) | (204.6 | ) | (170.7 | ) | |||||||
Free cash flow | $ | 183.7 | $ | 220.2 | $ | 522.4 | $ | 427.1 | |||||||
Free Cash Flow, Excluding Acquisition Related Charges | |||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 249.9 | $ | 288.0 | $ | 727.0 | $ | 597.8 | |||||||
Add back: Acquisition-related charges | — | — | — | 153.5 | |||||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities, excluding acquisition-related charges | $ | 249.9 | $ | 288.0 | $ | 727.0 | $ | 751.3 | |||||||
Less: Capital expenditures | (66.2 | ) | (67.8 | ) | (204.6 | ) | (170.7 | ) | |||||||
Free cash flow, excluding acquisition-related charges | $ | 183.7 | $ | 220.2 | $ | 522.4 | $ | 580.6 | |||||||
1) | During the third quarter of 2016, the Company recorded net restructuring and special items of $22.8 million. The charges included $14.1 million in severance and other personnel costs along with $9.1 million in facility-related costs associated with facility closures and general integration initiatives. The Company reversed previously established reserves of $0.2 million in unused facility-related costs and $0.2 million in unused personnel costs. The Company incurred $5.9 million in fees and expenses associated with acquisitions completed during the quarter and incurred additional legal and other costs of $1.3 million relating to the wind-down of its minimum volume contract operations. The Company also recorded $1.4 million in consulting expenses relating to fees incurred as part of its Covance integration costs and compensation analysis, along with $0.5 million in short-term equity retention arrangements relating to the acquisition of Covance and $3.4 million of accelerated equity and other final compensation relating to executive transition announced during the third quarter and incurred $3.7 million of non-capitalized costs associated with the implementation of a major system as part of its LaunchPad business process improvement initiative (all recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses). The Company also incurred $5.6 million of interest expense relating to the early retirement of subsidiary indebtedness acquired as part of its recent acquisition of Sequenom. The after tax impact of these charges decreased net earnings for the quarter ended September 30, 2016, by $28.5 million and diluted earnings per share by $0.27 ($28.5 million divided by 104.9 million shares). |
2) | During the third quarter of 2015, the Company recorded net restructuring and special items of $26.3 million. The charges included $24.4 million in severance and other personnel costs along with $2.2 million in facility-related costs associated with facility closures and general integration initiatives. The Company reversed previously established reserves of $0.3 million in unused facility-related costs. The Company also recorded $3.5 million in consulting expenses relating to fees incurred as part of its Covance integration costs, along with $1.4 million in short-term equity retention arrangements relating to the acquisition of Covance (all recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses). In addition, the Company recorded a non-cash loss of $2.3 million, upon the dissolution of one of its equity investments (recorded in other, net in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations). The after tax impact of these charges decreased net earnings for the quarter ended September 30, 2015, by $27.7 million and diluted earnings per share by $0.27 ($27.7 million divided by 102.9 million shares). |
3) | The Company continues to grow the business through acquisitions and uses Adjusted EPS excluding amortization as a measure of operational performance, growth and shareholder returns. The Company believes adjusting EPS for amortization provides investors with better insight into the operating performance of the business. For the quarters ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, intangible amortization was $41.1 million and $44.9 million, respectively ($28.4 million and $31.3 million net of tax, respectively) and decreased EPS by $0.27 ($28.4 million divided by 104.9 million shares) and $0.30 ($30.8 million divided by 102.9 million shares), respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, intangible amortization was $130.7 million and $120.6 million, respectively ($89.4 million and $81.9 million net of tax, respectively) and decreased EPS by $0.86 ($89.4 million divided by 104.2 million shares) and $0.82 ($81.9 million divided by 99.7 million shares), respectively. |
4) | During the first quarter of 2015, the Company's operating cash flows were reduced due to payment of $153.5 million in acquisition-related charges. These payments were comprised of $75.5 million in legal and advisor fees, $40.6 million in accelerated Covance employee equity awards, and $37.4 million in make-whole payments triggered by calling Covance private placement notes outstanding at the time of the transaction |