<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with Wdesk from Workiva-->
<!--Copyright 2020 Workiva-->
<!--r:8b1046d2-48e4-4c0a-b9d3-dd265b90f4ef,g:a1f34ff6-523c-455c-bb22-efadb719e039-->
<link:linkbase xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.labcorp.com/role/Cover" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="lh-20201125.xsd#Cover"/>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.labcorp.com/role/Cover" xlink:type="extended"/>
</link:linkbase>